The original crop models of DSSAT were CERES-Maize, CERES-Wheat, SOYGRO, and PNUTGRO. These models evolved over time from many independent models to become a single agricultural systems model that encompasses all the original crop models as individual crop modules (Jones et al., 2001).
New crop modules are added to DSSAT via two methods. The first, easier approach uses the CROPGRO template and data from field experiments, journal articles, non-refereed publications and reports, and variety trials to calibrate the genetic parameters which control the growth and development characteristics of the new crop. This approach does not require modifying existing model software or computer code. The second approach is to create a completely new crop module within the CSM code, such as when growth or phenological processes are very different from those described by CROPGRO. In this case, both model coding and calibration of parameters are required. The CERES-Sugarbeet model is one example of a recently added module (Anar et al., 2019).
Crop models under development using the CROPGRO template include chia (Mack et al., paper submitted, 2019), quinoa, and carinata (Boote et al., in progress, 2019). Sweet corn (Lizaso et al., 2007) and sugarbeet (Anar et al., 2019) were added as new crop modules following the style of CERES models. Other models in CSM were adapted from an existing model to use the modular format of CSM (Jones et al., 2001), such as CANEGRO sugarcane (Singels et al., 2008), ALOHA pineapple (Zhang et al., 1997), and NWheat (Asseng et al., 2000). The CROPSIM model (Hunt and Pararaiasingham, 1995) was added to DSSAT-CSM as a template model for wheat, barley, and cassava. The CROPSIM template was also used to develop a new crop model specific for cassava called YUCA. The perennial forage model (Rymph, 2004) is based on the CROPGRO model, but it differs enough that it is a separate model. It is also a template model, allowing simulation of brachiaria and cynodon (Pequeno et al., 2018), and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (Malik et al., 2018). The SIMPLE modeling approach by Zhao et al. (2019) will also be included or the development of models for crops for which limited data are available.
Generic plant sub-modules
These sub-modules can be accessed from any plant species module, although not all plant modules have been linked at this time.
- Generic plant phosphorus uptake
- Pest and disease damage
Crop species sub-modules
Crops currently available in DSSAT are listed below with links to further information as available:
CROPGRO annual crop module
- Grain legumes:
- Peanut (Groundnut)
- Chickpea (Garbanzo)
- Vegetables
- Bell pepper
- Cabbage
- Green bean
- Tomato
- Fiber crops
- Oil crops
- Canola
- Safflower
- Sunflower
- Under development: Amaranth, Carinata, Chia, Flax, Lentil, Pea, Lima bean, Quinoa
CROPGRO perennial forage module
- Legumes
- Alfalfa (Lucerne)
- Grasses
- Bahia
- Bermudagrass
- Brachiaria
- Under development: Guinea grass, Ryegrass
CERES-Maize module
- Grain cereals
IXIM module
- Grain cereals
CERES-Sweetcorn module
- Vegetables
CERES-Rice module
- Grain cereals
CERES-Sorghum module
- Grain cereals
CERES-Millet module
- Grain cereals
- Millet
CERES-Wheat module
- Grain Cereals
- Wheat
- Barley
NWheat module
- Grain cereals
- Wheat
- Teff
SUBSTOR module
- Tuber crops
AROID module
- Root crops
- Taro
- Tanier
YUCA module
- Root crops
CROPSIM module
- Root crops
- Cassava
- Grain cereals
- Wheat
- Barley
CERES-Beet module
- Root/Energy crops
- Sugar beet
CANEGRO module
- Sugar/Energy crops
- Sugarcane
SAMUCA module
- Sugar/Energy crops
CASUPRO module
- Sugar/Energy crops
- Sugarcane
ALOHA module
- Fruit crops